𝘿𝙤𝙚𝙨 𝙇𝙤𝙬𝙚𝙧 𝙎𝙤𝙡𝙖𝙧 𝘼𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝘾𝙖𝙪𝙨𝙚 𝙎𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙧 𝙃𝙪𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙨?
Awaiting hurricane Milton, a friend’s post suggested that major hurricane strength was cyclical. Checking with sunspot data, which also shows a similar cyclical pattern, suggests that there is a correlation. Below are the two data sets, lined up on the time line. Four out of four correspondence is a bit too high, and thus encourages causal hypotheses to better understand our world. Thus, exploring that idea, we know that more cosmic radiation reaches the planet during low sunspot periods, because there is less solar flare activity to shield us from radiation coming from other parts of our galaxy, mostly. Others have already explicated that cosmic radiation ionizes water molecules in the upper atmosphere (near speed-of-light cosmic rays knocking off electrons), causing them to attract one another and agglomerate to form the basis of clouds and thus seed storms. Storms in turn grow over warmer waters, but cosmic radiation could accelerate and increase their growth, with the rotation of the Earth adding angular momentum. In spite of the mainstream promotion that humans are causing more and stronger hurricanes, it looks more like solar activity, or specifically the absence of, is a primary driver of hurricane frequency and strength in an inverse, causal correlation.
Global Temperature Anomalies Confirm Greybody Equilibrium
When we look at a daily global temperature plot of anomalies for a day-time compared with an historical average, in this case where the data is from NOAA’s GFS (resolution 22 km), temperature anomalies from the 40-year period 1980-2020, we can see that warm regions approximately equal cool regions.
By flipping through this images, you can see that the anomalies work out to very little change in the global temperature because hot areas equal cool areas.
So the next time your local news station is exclaiming about how hot the weather is, take a look at the global view, for they may be cherry-picking their data.
Please expand year below for full records
Both Nitrogen ( Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE N2) and Oxygen (O2) Absorb and Emit in the Infrared Spectrum
These two molecules, which combined make up about 99% of the atmosphere, absorb and emit photons in the near- and mid-IR spectrum, not by molecular vibrations or rotations, but by electronic level changes. That means that they too are “greenhouse gases”, contrary to what is taught about the “greenhouse gas” theory.
When an electron absorbs precisely the energy difference between the level it is in and any higher level, it can move up to a higher level. This is a different form of absorption than when a molecule absorbs a photon that matches is vibrational or rotational frequency, and hence can increase to that frequency, generally distributed over the various degrees of freedom (a mixture of rotational, vibrational, and translational motion) for the molecule.
After an electron has risen to a higher level, it will eventually return to a lower level, at once or through a series of steps, emitting a photon that similarly has precisely the energy difference between the higher level and the ending energy level of the electron. Such as spectrum is below, for example, showing the spectrum of infrared energy emitted by nitrogen gas (this actually extends to up to 8 microns, well into the mid-IR range of Earth’s spectrum).
Each of these various bumps shows photons leaving N2 molecules as electrons drop towards molecules’ ground state. A similar, although not necessarily exactly equal (because of the Rydberg-Ritz combination principle) absorption spectrum is necessary to “feed” the energy that is released in determinate quanta of this molecule, according to the Boltzmann distribution.
Increases in energy by the N2 molecule can also occur from inelastic Rayleigh scattering over the approximately 200km average travel from the multiple interactions a photon makes through the troposphere during sunlight, (see more in the CSJ paper here).
Why is Climate Science Slow to Adopt the Standard Model of Physics?
Per the historically new standard model of physics, photons interact with electrons and neutrons. This understanding is more recent than the views of Arrhenius, whose early 20th-century papers are the basis of today’s discredited Greenhouse Gas theory, and the former are outside the scope of the expertise of most academics.
Because photons do transmit forces to electrons and neutrons, sunlight transmits force to the primary molecules of N2 and O2 that make up 99% of the atmosphere.
This occurs via Rayleigh scattering and has not been adequately quantified until now (see here).
Photons, traveling at 900,000-times the velocity of atmospheric molecules, increase the velocity of nitrogen and oxygen, which is a fundamental influence on atmospheric temperature, per the mainstream kinetic theory of gases.
This transfer of thermal energy via momentum is the way in which N2 and O2 store by far most of the thermal energy in the air (troposphere).
The 0.04% trace gases, formerly known by the “greenhouse gas” misnomer, do indeed store energy via increased vibrations, which energy, however, is only stored momentarily.
Anyone who wishes to argue with the standard model, and the nature of photons, is welcome to (that knowledge also may be advancing), otherwise, they are evading well-verified scientific understandings.
The scientific community has not yet processed the implications of the standard model on their theories of atmospheric thermal energy storage.
A More Likely Causal-Correlation Theory...
The correlation between sunspots and Earth temperatures is more than cursory. When solar activity increases, as demonstrated by an increase in sunspot numbers, this means there are higher solar winds blown across the planet. More solar winds shield Earth from cosmic radiation, arriving from the rest of the galaxy. Cosmic rays have been shown to ionize air molecules, causing water aerosols to attract one another and thus agglomerate more readily, forming larger droplets. This has been confirmed, and increased cloud cover results from more cosmic rays.
Thus, when there are more sunspots, the earth is shielded from cosmic radiation, there is not as much cloud cover, and thus more of the sun’s photons arrive on the surface, increasing temperatures. With fewer sunspots –> more cosmic radiation passes to create more clouds, and these clouds reflect solar energy, keeping the planet cooler.
What is the Climate Science Journal?
We have a problem. Science, specifically climate science, has been corrupted for political reasons. The funding provided by governments sets the direction for most academic research, and governments often have politicized and faction-supported agendas.
“Since about 2014 or so, the public debate on climate change has become less ‘scientized’, with economics, social justice and raw politics taking center stage.
Dr. Judith Curry, 2019
What is the effect of this corruption? Temperature data has been altered, irrationally justified, in order to conform to a “global warming” representation. The evidence shows the world has not been warming, so the data has been changed.
The scientific press has gone berserk. Not only have they altered the data, they denounce science itself:
“…the only way to really find out if phenomena like sunspots and solar wind are playing a larger role in climate change than most scientists now believe would be to significantly reduce our carbon emissions. Only in the absence of that potential driver will researchers be able to tell for sure how much impact natural influences have on the Earth’s climate.”
Scientific American, 2009
Really? The only way to find out of sunspots or solar wind have a substantial impact on Earth’s climate? So the task of science is to give up trying to study alternative approaches and the impacts of potentially devastating solutions in advance? We are to go ahead and implement a drastic international program of change, even if it means destroying economies, infrastructure, lives and standards of living to “significantly reduce carbon emissions”, because we cannot tell otherwise?
Rubbish! We can tell in other ways, and that should be the task of rational, competent scientists. Many capable scientists are already showing that when fewer sunspots cause lower solar winds, more cosmic radiation enters the planet’s atmosphere, and that causes more precipitation, cooling the planet. And there are other ways to study the phenomena, and are finding that the Sun is the primary cause of Earth’s constantly-changing climate.
We cannot let humanity lose science–it is the foundation of all the technology and infrastructure that 7.5 billion people require to survive. When academics en masse abandon integrity, when it becomes stylish to be dishonest, then we put our world in peril.
Science is not a popularity contest. Just because a thousand people agree with an idea does not make it a sound idea. It is a question of accuracy of representation, and that thousand people can be less interested, biased, or unaware of competing knowledge.
Science needs lots of views, and competition among them with freedom of speech.
The Climate Science Journal is about restoring integrity to the study of climate change. Please consider supporting our project by buying one of the our books or eBooks, or making a donation.
Global Average Surface Temperatures
Average? The global average temperature, presumably accurately calculated in the same way for the last 140 years (otherwise it is not very scientific, see below), is a measure of thermal energy storage—that is what temperature is a measure of. Addressing the specific heat capacity of the various molecules is the correct method of ascertaining their
Evidence has not Confirmed the Greenhouse Gas Theory
(in its application to models or climate) Why? The prevailing theory is that surface radiation is trapped by “greenhouse gases” disproportionately, but that theory does not stand up. Is radiation from the surface only stored by “greenhouse gas” molecules? The answer is no, both N2 and O2 also absorb and radiate in the infrared spectrum, as NIST (US’s National
What is the Climate Science Journal?
The Climate Science Journal and its referenced papers provide evidence and explain why and how thermal energy is stored in the atmosphere, and present a general challenge to understand that heat transfer issues are intimately intertwined with quantum mechanics and electrodynamic theory—the fundamental nature of photons and their interaction with molecules. Does thermal energy storage
Why Support Science?
While leftists finance global-warming alarmism in an attempt to confiscate €25 trillion from the Paris Accord climate agreement, and use the always changing climate as an excuse to nationalize more of economies, who supports honest science challenging this pseudo-science?
Many people say talk to the oil companies. But most oil companies will not touch the global warming issue: because their interests lie in selling hydrocarbons, they appear to be biased no matter what they say. So they have invested generally in renewable energy, and it is no longer a primary issue to them which side wins, or what the future holds, as they are covered either way.
But what about science? Do you personally care whether scientific progress continues, and humans learn more about nature so that we can actually solve real problems? If you care about humanity, then you should care about science.
Again, science needs lots of views, and competition among them with freedom of speech. Please consider supporting our project by buying one of the our books or eBooks, or making a donation.
The Climate Science Journal Allows Anonymous Reviews, and Paper Presentations
The use of pseudonyms has a long history in science and philosophy, as a means of evading retaliation by those who are threatened by the advance of human knowledge and understanding, including:
- Nicolaus Copernicus (who first put forward his theory of heliocentrism anonymously),
- Galileo (writing as Lothario Sarsio Sigensano),
- Isaac Newton (as Jehovah Sanctus Unus)
- John Locke (his Two Treatises on Government was published anonymously)
- Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (as Lewis Carroll) and
- François-Marie Arouet (as Voltaire)
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